Blue Angles Aircraft

Blue Angles Aircraft - Maintainability very much guided the design of the F/A-18 Hornet, with squadron maintenance personnel able to change out engines in just 20 minutes and sophisticated radar equipment positioned on a track that allowed it to be rolled out quickly for inspection and repairs.

At the end of World War II, naval hero and Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, ordered the formation of a flight demonstration team to keep the public interested in naval aviation and to boost Navy morale.

Blue Angles Aircraft

The team was established on April 24, 1946, and performed its first flight demonstration on June 15, 1946, at its home base, Naval Air Station (NAS) Jacksonville, Florida, flying the Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat. If you've ever seen the Blue Angels fly, you've likely noticed the trail of smoke left behind by the aircraft.

The Team Was Established By One Of America’s Great Naval Heroes

The non-hazardous smoke is produced by pumping biodegradable, paraffin-based oil directly into the exhaust nozzles of the aircraft, where the oil is instantly vaporized into smoke. The Blue Angel F/A-18s have the nose cannon removed, a smoke-oil tank installed and a spring installed on the stick which applies pressure for better formation and inverted flying.

Otherwise, the aircraft that the squadron flies are the same as those in the fleet. A multi-mission aircraft designed to replace the F-4 Phantom II and A-7 Corsair II, the F/A-18 Hornet became the front line naval strike fighter shortly after fleet introduction in the mid-1980s.

Equally at home in air-to-air or air-to-ground missions, the aircraft is highly maneuverable and instrumented to optimize single pilot control of numerous weapons systems. This F/A-18A Hornet (Bureau Number 161959) is in the markings of the Blue Angels Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron to which it was assigned before acquisition by the Museum.

This last one's not a historical photo. Since Hellcats were used so long ago and for such a short amount of time, we weren't able to find any actual pictures of the Blue flying in them.

The Smoke Trail Enhances Safety

This one is a good reference of what they looked like though. The Blue Angels plan to kick off its 75th season with the Super Hornet starring in the 2021 year's first air show at Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida.

The Blue Angels are slated to appear at a total of 30 locations throughout the year. That's almost twice the speed of sound or about 1,400 mph! During an airshow, however, the Hornet flies at about 700 mph (just under Mach 1 — the speed of sound — for the sneak pass maneuver) at its fastest.

The general public is advised to use "Pearl Harbor Visitor Center" as the GPS destination when visiting Pearl Harbor. Our Museum is located on a military base; non-military visitors will not be able to drive on and must take the shuttle bus from the Pearl Harbor Visitor Center.

The Super Hornet is 25 percent larger, can fly 40 percent further, remain on station 80 percent longer, and carry more weapons than its predecessors. The Super Hornet F/A-18 E/F models have deployed with battle groups since 2001.

The F/A- Can Reach Speeds Just Under Mach

Fourteen squadrons equipped with the F/A-18 Hornet logged combat missions against Iraqi forces during Operation Desert Storm. Two pilots from VFA-81 off the carrier Saratoga (CV 60) demonstrated the F/A-18 Hornet's inherent versatility on January 17, 1991. While en route to attack a ground target, Lieutenant Commander Mark Fox and Lieutenant Nick Mongillo engaged two Iraqi

MiG-21 fighters approaching the target area. After shooting them down with air-to-air missiles, the pair destroyed their assigned targets with 2,000-lb. bombs. Another F/A-18 pilot flew fighter escort for attacking A-6 Intruder aircraft, knocking out an enemy radar with a high-speed anti-radiation missile (HARM) and then delivering bombs on a target at an enemy airfield, his single airplane

performing three distinct missions on one flight. The Blue Angels began flying the Boeing F/A-18 Hornet in 1986, on the team's 40th Anniversary. On November 4, 2020 they conducted their final flight with the legacy F/A-18 C/D Hornets over Pensacola, Florida, marking the end of its service life with the flight demonstration team.

Deliveries of the F/A-18 Hornet began in May 1980, with assignment to VFA-125, the Navy's Fleet Replacement Squadron for training Hornet flight crews. Marine Fighter Attack Squadron (VMFA) 314 became the first operational squadron to receive the F/A-18, accepting delivery of its first Hornets on January 7, 1983. The first carrier deployment of the F/A-18 Hornet occurred in 1985 when

The Blue Angels Transition To The Super Hornet In

VFA-25 and VFA-113 completed a cruise as part of CVW-14 in the carrier Constellation (CV 64). There are only a few differences between the Blue Angel Hornets and the fleet model: The Blue Angel F/A-18s have the nose cannon removed, a smoke-oil tank installed, and a spring installed on the stick which applies pressure for better formation

and inverted flying. Otherwise, the aircraft that the squadron flies are the same as those in the fleet. NFDS | The Blue Angels Public Affairs 390 San Carlos Rd. | Suite A Pensacola, FL 32508-5508 Phone: (850) 452-3955

El Centro, CA (Winter Training) Phone: (760) 339-2608 During the Diamond 360 maneuver, the Hornets will fly just 18 inches apart from each other! In the maneuver, Blue Angels #1 leads a pack of four who fly closely – just 1 ½ feet from each other – in a diamond shape.

In fact, it's so close, that in 2019 two jets touched while practicing a Diamond 360. There were no injuries and no damage to the aircraft, other than a small scratch. When introduced, the Hornet brought significant changes for naval aviators accustomed to climbing into cockpits with an array of gauges and dials.

The F/A- Hornet Has Served As The Demonstration Aircraft For Years

Instead, designers reduced conventional instrumentation in favor of a heads up display (HUD) displaying critical information so that the pilot would not be distracted by repeatedly having to look down at various controls. Additionally, critical switches used in combat actions were all located either on the throttle or the control stick.

A number of aircraft in naval aviation history have possessed the versatility to provide true multi-mission capabilities, among them the F6F Hellcat and F4U Corsairs of World War II and the venerable F-4 Phantom II. In 1974, in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, the Navy sought development of a lightweight, low coast multi-mission aircraft capable of performing air-to-air and air-to-ground missions.

Before development of a new aircraft could commence, Congress directed the Navy to investigate two aircraft designs then competing to be a the new lightweight fighter for the U.S. Air Force, which ultimately selected the YF-16 design that in production was called the F-16 Falcon.

The Navy eventually selected the YF-17, which was more adaptable to the rigorous structural requirements for carrier operations, with McDonnell Douglas and Northrop teaming up to develop it as a strike-fighter that was eventually designated the F/A-18 Hornet.

Fleet Service Highlights

The Hornets assigned to the Blue Angels have reached their limit when it comes to operational flying from aircraft carriers. To this end, the airplanes that thrill air show audiences around the nation each year are among the longest-serving F/A-18s in the Navy's inventory, each with extensive history.

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Best Piper Aircraft

Best Piper Aircraft - Thirty years ago, Piper Cherokee, also synonymous with Piper PA-28-140, started its journey from the assembly line at Vero Beach. The Cherokee 140 bids farewell to the popular tube-and-fabric designs adopted by previous airplanes that had been introduced by Piper in Lock Haven, Pennsylvania.

However, this airplane never aimed to secure a spot in aviation... Step up to a higher level of General Aviation performance with Cutter Piper Sales – your Piper Aircraft Factory Authorized dealer for Texas, Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and Hawaii.

Best Piper Aircraft

Piper produces one of the most diverse lines of General Aviation aircraft with models ranging from the six-place, high-performance M-Class line including Piper Matrix, Piper M350, Piper M500, and the all-new Piper M600/SLS to the six

-place Piper Seneca V twin and the economical four-place Piper Archer LX. And don't forget the diverse family of Flight Training aircraft available from Piper Aircraft including the Archer TX, Arrow, and Seminole. We invite you to explore the capabilities and value of Piper Aircraft with Cutter Piper Sales today.

The Pilatus PC 12 is built for versatility. It's perfect for business executives, with up to 10 passengers treated to a true office in the sky with the latest entertainment and communication devices. It's also one of the most versatile single-pilot turboprop planes used all around the world for business charters, air ambulance

, surveillance, law enforcement, and cargo transport. If you are looking for a multi-purpose powerhouse that can take you from gravel to grass or even more rudimentary runways, don't look past the Pilatus PC12. A brand-new Pilatus PC 12 costs about $5.5m.

The Cirrus Vision SF50, commonly referred to as the Vision Jet, is an extremely light jet with a single engine that was created and manufactured by Cirrus Aircraft in Duluth, Minnesota, in the United States. After beginning to accept deposits in 2006, Cirrus revealed a mock-up of an aircraft on June 28, 2007, and a…

Airplanes represent a sense of independence, giving you the freedom to go wherever you want, whenever you want. But let's face it, having your plane, say a Cessna, is a status symbol, the convenience of having a personal airplane is immeasurable give an example, if you commute every week between Louisiana and Texas on American Airlines, it…

The newest model, the Socata TBM 940 brings years of intelligent thinking into arguably the best single-engine turboprop. Fitted with the Pratt & Whitney PT6 engine, the 940 climbs and cruises faster than its predecessors without any increase in horsepower. This airplane is built for versatility and it's perfect for a family of 6 or business executives.

The TBM cruises at 300mph, climbs at 4000 ft/min, with a range of 2000 miles. If you are looking for a multi-purpose powerhouse that can take you from point A to point B quickly and efficiently, the Socata TBM 940 is for you.

With $4.3m, you can have this aircraft brand-new. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies.

It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The Piper Seneca is a twin-engine light plane manufactured by Piper Aircraft in the United States. Since 1971, it has been produced continuously.

The development history of Piper Seneca is quite intriguing. It started as a tri-engine and now flies as a renowned light two-engine commuter. The modern Seneca V model consists of a low-wing, six-seat aircraft with retractable gear and two turbocharged engines of the Continental TSIO-360-RB.

On 11 December 1996, the latest Piper Seneca V was certified as a 1997 model. When it gained its FAA certification in 1971, this prototype became Piper Seneca 1, and production began later that year. Piper manufactured almost 1000 of these aircraft over a period of three years.

In those days, the Company got numerous handling complaints - tricky and lateral oscillations noted by some pilots. Piper was therefore responsible for designing the Seneca II PA-34–200T. It was named "T" by introducing 200hp turbocharged Continental TSIO-360E engines, thus enabling Seneca to function better at high altitudes.

This model, which was released in 1975, had considerably improved flight control systems that addressed all previous problems. The performance of the Lancair Mako is great, and it is one of the fastest four-place personal airplanes in the market today.

Starting with a sturdy composite airframe that's built to stringent utility class standards, the Mako is designed for the long haul. The Lancair Mako uses the 350hp Continental IO 550 turbo-charged engine, which helps it to seat four people and cruise at 225 knots or 417km/h, climb at 1900 ft/min, with a range of 1100 nautical miles.

If you want speed and lots of speed, this aircraft is for you. The Piper Meridian is a master of both short and long-range missions, the Piper Meridian brings together the highly trusted Pratt and Whitney PT6 turbine engine and Garmin's advanced avionics to yield a flight range over 1,000 miles at an altitude of 30,000ft.

The price for a brand-new Piper Meridian is about $3m. If you want something luxurious and cost-effective, this airplane is for you. Alexander Kuzmanovic became a Regional Aircraft Sales Manager with Cutter Aircraft Sales in 2009, previously holding the position of Manager of Aircraft Management & Charter Sales.

He was also responsible for pre-owned piston and pre-owned turbine aircraft sales. With a strong background in Aviation, Alexander was previously a Regional Sales Director for Hawker Beechcraft representing Northern California & the Pacific Northwest prior to coming aboard the Cutter Aviation team.

The Vans RV-10 is a true four-person airplane, this means that it will carry four full-grown adults, full fuel, and sixty pounds of baggage while remaining at or below maximum gross weight. In the Vans RV-10, you

can comfortably cruise at 197 mph, with a range of 825 miles, using the 260hp Lycoming IO 540 engine. If your mission includes more than two people, and you like planes that perform and handle well, this airplane is for you.

With a little over $130,000, you can build this aircraft yourself. The content of this website (graphics, text and any and all other elements) is © Copyright 2023 by Piper Aircraft, Inc., and may not be reprinted or retransmitted in whole or in part without the expressed written consent of Piper Aircraft, Inc.

American two-seat, fixed-gear, high-wing general aviation airplane, the Cessna 152. It is mostly used for personal use and flying training, for which it is ideally suited given that it is rather simple to fly and reasonably priced.

Based on the previous Cessna 150, this later model added a few modest design tweaks as well as… The Pipistrel Panthera is undoubtedly the most efficient four-seat airplane. It achieves unprecedented efficiency through careful aerodynamic shaping and lightweight advanced composite structure.

The Panthera uses the 260hp Lycoming IO 540 engine, which helps it to cruise at 230mph, climb at 1300ft/min, with a range of 1000 miles. If you need a highly efficient speed machine, the Pipistrel Panthera is for you.

Buying this plane brand new will cost you about $600,000. The Beechcraft Baron is one of the best family personal airplanes in the market today, I consider this plane a flying SUV. It's a favorite among private pilots to fly, and it's certainly built to handle more than just private aircraft use. The Beechcraft Baron has long been related to accuracy craft that appeals to each pilot and passengers alike.

This aircraft cruises at 230mph, climbs at over 1500 ft/min, with a range of 1700 miles. With $1.4m, you can buy this airplane brand new. If your flying needs involve flying with your whole family, the Beechcraft Baron is for you.

Business jets are becoming more popular. They are perfect for the individual executive who needs privacy and comfort but also needs to travel frequently. The business jet age started with the Gulfstream III in 1972. Since then, the business jet has evolved into the aircraft you see today.

With the introduction of the new Gulfstream… Buying a personal aircraft is a huge decision because these big-ticket items require hefty operational expenses. Despite their traditional propellers turboprops aircraft provide great power to weight ratio compared to the much cheaper piston engines.

While jets may be able to fly at higher altitudes. They can be inefficient when it comes to fuel consumption... Earlier, Piper Senecas had a valuable load of 1,700 pounds. However, limitations of 1,400 pounds will restrict you with everything added up to the latest Seneca.

Seneca is limited to around 50 gallons of fuel with total passengers. This modification offers the Piper Seneca 90 minutes of flight time with a fuel reserve of 30 minutes and burns at a cruising range of around 24 gph.

Cruising at 188 knots produces a range of 280 nautical miles – most charter activities are restrictive. Similarly, the range is 828 nautical miles in the Seneca. For efficient loading, baggage payloads can be split intelligently into the nose and back compartments.

The Sling TSi was built to be the most practical and desirable lightweight four-place experimental aircraft on the market, and it has been critically acclaimed for its capabilities, effortless handling, and all-around functionality. It comfortably seats four with luggage and still cruises

effortlessly and efficiently, making it the ultimate in affordable cross-country flying. Using the 141hp Rotax 915 engine, cruise speed is 148knots, 1000ft/min climb rate, and a range of 900 nautical miles. If you want a highly efficient modern four-seat design, the Sling TSi is for you.

If every trip you take begins with deciding what and who to leave behind, the PC-24 Pilatus may be the ideal airplane for you. You can load up any stuff, your friends, family, colleagues, and still carry enough fuel to fly at least 1,000 nautical miles.

Pilatus Aircraft started manufacturing the PC-24 Pilatus Medium Jet… Bryant is married and has two young daughters. He is an avid outdoorsman and loves fishing, hunting, and flying. With over 2000 flight hours, most of which are in Piper aircraft, he is an accomplished pilot and is exceedingly familiar with the entire Piper line.

He possesses both the technical background and flight experience to help clients navigate the purchase of their new Piper aircraft. Shortly after graduation, Bryant was hired on as the Delivery Specialist for Piper Aircraft in Vero Beach, FL.

It didn't take long for his hard work and professionalism to be recognized. He was quickly promoted to Supervisor and then Manager of the Aircraft Order and Delivery Department. His latest position as Sr. Manager, Product Marketing allowed him to be the voice of the customer and made significant improvements to the entire product line.

During his twelve-year tenure with Piper, he developed an intricate understanding of all their products, including the manufacturing and assembly of the aircraft. More than 40 years, more than 5,000 Piper Seneca aircraft have been produced and are still in production today.

This plane has survived bankruptcy and a considerable change in the aviation industry, where most companies relinquish piston twins and opt for individual turbines. The airplane is also licensed for the EMB-810 Embraer in Brazil and the M-20 Mewa in Poland.

Depending on the option, the Piper PA-34-220T Seneca V will run around $750,000 new. In 2011 Cutter Aircraft Sales expanded to Carlsbad, CA and established Cutter Piper Sales, the Piper Aircraft dealership for Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico and Hawaii at McClellan-Palomar Airport (CRQ).

Alexander relocated to the new offices at that time and additionally became a Regional Sales Manager for Cutter Piper Sales. He is responsible for the sale of new & pre-owned Piper aircraft. Annie is a graduate of the University of Texas at El Paso and has a Bachelor of Business Administration with a minor in Management.

Annie joined Cutter Aviation in 2003 as a Customer Service Representative, and joined the Aircraft Sales team in January 2016 as Aircraft Sales Administrator. Since the first PA-34 was rolled out of the Piper factory in 1971, Seneca has continuously maintained continuous production, combining a robust airframe with a host of modifications and upgrades.

The highly advanced Piper Seneca delivers what many pilots regard as the perfect characteristics of an avionics airplane: two power and system redundancy engines, good performance, safe handling, ice protection, and a wide range of comfortable cabins.

The Bristell B23 is a popular modern trainer used by flight schools. This plane features a lovely glass cockpit, visibility is great, and the use of a Rotax engine makes it highly efficient and economical. This aircraft uses the 100hp Rotax 912 engine, which helps it to cruise at 130 mph, climb at 700 ft per minute

, with a range of 800 miles. If you want an excellent modern training platform, certified for Night VFR, a plane that will also deliver lower operating costs, the Bristell B23 is for you. With $230,000, you can get Bristell B23 brand new.

The Cessna 172 Skyhawk is more suited to cross-country flying. Due to its stable design, if its position in the air is disturbed by turbulence or an accidental touch of the controls, it has a strong tendency to return to its original position without any input from the pilot.

With a useful load of nearly 900 pounds, you can comfortably fit in 4 persons plus some luggage and comfortably cruise at 140mph over 800miles using the 160hp Lycoming IO 260 engine. If you need a great trainer with forgiving flight characteristics and great visibility, the Cessna

172 Skyhawk is for you. Providing strong, fast, and simple aircraft has been the number one goal of Mooney Airplane Company since day one, and all of this is evident in its legendary aircraft called Mooney M20.

A Brief History of Mooney M20 Mooney Airplane Company has manufactured numerous aircraft for varying markets across the world. But the Mooney M20… A native of Chicago, IL, Alexander is a graduate of the prestigious United States Air Force Academy and holds an FAA Certified Flight Instructor License with Instrument and Multi-Engine Instructor Ratings and also holds a Commercial Glider license.

Wow! This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We have ever arrived across on this subject. Basically Wonderful. I am also an expert in this topic so I can understand your hard work.

The Beechcraft Bonanza is considered one of the most popular aircraft. This American general aviation airplane was first introduced by Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1947. The company has a facility in Wichita, Kansas, USA. This single-engine, a six-seater airplane is still being generated by Beechcraft and has been in constant production longer than other airplanes…

These are the Cessna Corvalis & the Corvalis TTx Both Corvalis personal airplanes use the same big 310hp Continental IO-550 engine. Both are great and fast planes, capable of fast nonstop trips like New York to Atlanta, New York to Toronto, Miami to the Bahamas.

Or Los Angeles to Las Vegas. If you need to cover long distances fast, the Cessna 400 Corvalis TT is for you. These models cost around $500,000 to $800,000 because they are no longer in production, you can only buy a used model for less.

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Bt 13 Aircraft

Bt 13 Aircraft - The "Valiant" was the basic trainer most widely used by the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) during WWII. It represented the second of the three stages of pilot training—primary, basic and advanced. Compared with the primary trainers in use at the time, it was considerably more complex.

The BT-13 not only had a more powerful engine, it was also faster and heavier. In addition, it required the student pilot to use two-way radio communications with the ground, operate landing flaps and a two-position variable pitch propeller.

Bt 13 Aircraft

Nicknamed the "Vibrator" by the pilots who flew it, the BT-13 was powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-985 engine. But to counter the shortage of these engines early in the BT-13 production program, 1,693 Valiants were produced in 1941-1942 with a Wright R-975 engine and were designated as BT-15s.

Design And Development

By the end of WW II, 10,375 BT-13s and BT-15s had been accepted by the USAAF. The Vultee BT-13 Valiant was an American World War II-era basic trainer aircraft built by Vultee Aircraft for the United States Army Air Corps, and later US Army Air Forces.

A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the BT-15 Valiant, while an identical version for the US Navy was known as the SNV and was used to train naval aviators for the US Navy and its sister services

, the US Marine Corps and US Coast Guard. From this design, evolved the VF-54A. Instead of retractable gear, it had fixed gear very nicely faired and a revised power plant of a Pratt & Whitney R-985-T3B Wasp Jr.

radial rated at 450 hp (335.5 kW) and the Vultee BT-13 Valiant was born. The USAAC was made aware of the improvements made to the aircraft and in August 1939 the type was ordered as the BT-13.

The initial order was for 300 aircraft with a Pratt & Whitney R-985-25 radial and the first of these was accepted by the USAAC in June 1940. One notable post-war "variant" of the BT's are the "Tora" aircraft.

In 1968 Twentieth Century Fox purchased nine BT-13/15 and modified them for use in the motion picture "Tora! Tora! Tora!". The "Val" dive bombers seen in this film are actually BT-13 and BT-15. The "Zero" fighters and "Kate" torpedo bombers are mostly Harvard IV's.

After the film, these aircraft were sold to private owners. Many are still flying, several of them as part of the Commemorative Air Force's "Tora! Tora! Tora!" squadron, which performs air battle reenactments at air shows.

Several "Tora" aircraft also appeared in the later "Pearl Harbor" film. It was back in 1938 that Vultee Aircraft's chief designer, Richard Palmer, began the design of a fighter. At this time the USAAC issued a requirement and design contest for an advanced trainer for which substantial orders had been promised to the winner.

Palmer began to adapt his design concept from a fighter to that of an advanced trainer and the result of this was the V-51 prototype. The Vultee BT-13 Valiant was an American World War II-era basic trainer aircraft built by Vultee Aircraft for the United States Army Air Corps, and later US Army Air Forces.

A subsequent variant of the BT-13 in USAAC/USAAF service was known as the BT-15 Valiant, while an identical version for the US Navy was known as the SNV and was used to train naval aviators for the US Navy and its sister services

, the US Marine Corps and US Coast Guard. Due to the demand for this aircraft, and others which used the same Pratt & Whitney engine, some were equipped with Wright power plants of similar size and power built in 1941-42.

The Wright-equipped aircraft were designated BT-15. The aircraft made its maiden flight on 24 March 1939[1] as a cantilever low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction. Despite the use of metal throughout the design the control surfaces remained fabric-covered.

The prototype was powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-1340-S3H1-G Wasp radial rated at 600 hp (447 kW) driving a two-blade variable pitch metal propeller. Other features include an enclosed cockpit for the crew of two, integral fuel tanks in the wings, and a hydraulic system for the operation of the flaps and retractable main landing gear.

Virtually every potential pilot trained by the Army Air Force in World War II did their Basic Flight course in a BT-13. The Valiant was an excellent trainer for new pilots since it had very docile handling characteristics.

One feature of the aircraft that was not appreciated led to its unflattering nickname "Vibrator." In high speed flight the canopy rattled in a disconcerting manner that tended to distract new pilots. The first BT-13s entered Army service in 1939 and eventually more than 11,000 were built.

An American basic trainer flown by most student pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for basic flight training.

The BT-13 had a larger engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainers. It required the student pilot to use two way radio and to operate landing flaps and a two-position variable pitch propeller.

A variant is the BT-15. The BT-13A was produced to the extent of 7,037 aircraft and differed only in the use of a Pratt & Whitney R-985-AN-1 radial engine and lack of landing gear fairings. There were 1,125 BT-13B's produced and differed from the A model in having a 24-volt, rather than the original 12-volt electrical system.

The US Navy began to show an interest in the aircraft as well and ordered 1,150 BT-13A models as the SNV-1. In addition, the Navy ordered some 650 aircraft designated as SNV-2, roughly equivalent to the BT-13B.

The Vultee BT-13 was the basic trainer flown by most American pilots during World War II. It was the second phase of the three phase training program for pilots. After primary training in PT-13, PT-17, or PT-19 trainers, the student pilot moved to the more complex Vultee for basic flight training.

The BT-13 had a more powerful engine and was faster and heavier than the primary trainer. It required the student pilot to use two way radio communications with the ground and to operate landing flaps and a two-position Hamilton Standard controllable pitch propeller.

It did not, however, have retractable landing gear nor a hydraulic system. The large flaps are operated by a crank-and-cable system. Its pilots nicknamed it the "Vultee Vibrator." The V-51 was entered into the USAAC competition as the BC-51 during May 1939. The USAAC instead chose the North American BC-2, but purchased the BC-51 prototype anyway, designating it the BC-3.

Despite the disappointment, Palmer was not finished yet. He continued to refine the design of the VF-51 into the VF-54 in an attempt to meet the expectations of an export market for just such a trainer.

The VF-54 used the same basic airframe as the VF-51, but was fitted with a lower powered engine. No export sales were made.

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